EYE DISORDERS AND DISEASES

Allergic Conjunctivitis (Pink Eye)

Allergic conjunctivitis causes inflammation of the conjunctiva (the membrane covering the white part of the eye) due to allergy.

Blepharitis

Blepharitis is a relatively common condition that causes inflammation of the eyelids. Non-ulcerative blepharitis frequently causes conjunctivitis, an inflammation of the inner lining of the eye called the conjunctiva. Ulcerative blepharitis can cause small sores along the lids.

Coloboma

Coloboma is a congenital eye condition in which the choroid fissure fails to close, causing certain structures of the eye not to form properly.

Dry Eye Syndrome

Chronic dry eyes is one of the most common conditions that ophthalmologists encounter. It is characterized by symptoms of discomfort and visual disturbance.

Eye Strain

Eye strain is a common form of eye discomfort that exhibits symptoms such as fatigue, pain in or around the eyes, blurred vision, headache and occasional double vision.

Macular Degeneration

Macular degeneration is a degenerative eye disease that results in a gradual distortion of central vision, and sometimes leads to a central blind spot called a scotoma.

RETINAL DITACHMENT

 Retinal detachment is a separation of the light-sensitive membrane in the back of the eye (the retina) from its supporting layers.

Symptoms

• Bright flashes of light, especially in peripheral vision
• Blurred vision
• Floaters in the eye
• Shadow or blindness in a part of the visual field of one eye

  
  

  Treatment

  Most patients with a retinal detachment will need surgery, either immediately or after a short period of time. (However, surgery may not be needed if you do not have symptoms or have had the detachment for a while.)
  Types of surgery include:
  

Ophthalmic Assistant

An ophthalmic assistant is a person who works with an ophthalmologist (eye doctor) to provide patient care by performing many different eye-related clinical functions. Ophthalmic assistants help ophthalmologists care for patients by taking histories, performing various procedures and tests, and preparing patients to see the doctor. Their work provides the ophthalmologist with important information to help diagnose and treat patients.




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Contact lenses

Hard contact lenses Soft contact lenses Cosmetic lenses Contact lens care

Contact lenses are an ideal alternative for those who, for aesthetic, professional and personal reasons, do not want to wear spectacles to correct their vision. Contact lenses are a growing market and are fast replacing spectacle frames as the main solution for vision correction. Contact lenses are worn directly in the eye over the cornea. The first experiment of a form of contact lens was done in 1827 by an English astronomer, John Frederik William Herschel who placed a piece of glass over the cornea with the aid of gelatinous substance. The evolution of contact lenses since then has been phenomenal, the latest addition to the range of contact lenses being multifocal lenses for presbyopic patients. Advantages of contact lenses over spectacles Better correction for certain eye conditions, such as keratoconus and irregular astigmatim. Thick glasses distort the peripheral vision in spectacles, while the frame reduces side vision. This problem is overcome by contact lenses. No fogging of vision from humidity and perspiration. Aesthetic solution to poor eye sight and refractive errors. Very comfortable for sportsmen. Use of optical instruments such as microscopes and cameras becomes easier.

Implantable Telescope for the Eye

A new device may help restore sight for people with severe macula degeneration.


 

 A miniature telescope (show above) implanted into the eye improves vision in people with macular degeneration. The four-millimeter-long implant contains two wide-angle glass lenses, which magnify images onto the retina. 

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Vision Complications

Myopia

Myopia (Nearsightedness) is a common cause of blurred vision. If you are nearsighted, objects in the distance appear blurry and out of focus. You might squint or frown when trying to see distant objects clearly. Nearsightedness is usually a variation from normal, not a disease. Less often, nearsightedness happens because of another disease or condition.

Signs and symptoms

Near-sighted vision (left) Normal vision (right)

Myopia presents with blurry distance vision but generally gives good near vision. In High myopia, even near vision is affected and patients cannot read without their glasses for distance

How is nearsightedness treated?

Persons with nearsightedness have several options available to regain clear distance vision. They include:

• eyeglasses
• contact lenses
• orthokeratology
• laser and other refractive surgery procedures
• vision therapy for persons with stress-related nearsightedness

Eye

Eyes are organs that detect light, and convert it to electro-chemical impulses in neurons. The simplest photoreceptors in conscious vision connect light to movement. In higher organisms the eye is a complex optical system which collects light from the surrounding environment; regulates its intensity through adiaphragm; focuses it through an adjustableassembly of lenses to form an image; converts this image into a set of electrical signals; and transmits these signals to the brain, through complex neural pathways that connect the eye, via the optic nerve, to the visual cortex and other areas of the brain. Eyes with resolving power have come in ten fundamentally different forms, and 96% ofanimal species possess a complex optical system